Gender Wise HIV Disease Awareness among Primary School Teachers in Islamabad

To assess the level of awareness and methods of primary prevention about HIV/AIDS among primary school teachers. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 60 male and female teachers, between 25-40 years of age, teaching for at least three years in public and private schools situated in suburb of Islamabad, was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling design was used to collect data. Analysis was done on SPSS version 17. The study was conducted at Golra Station suburb in Islamabad from October 2012 to December 2012. 77 percent respondents have heard about the AIDs, 40 percent believe that they should not quit good relations with the AIDs Patient, 88 percent believe it is our moral obligation to help the aids victims, 50 percent believe AIDS is a major issue, and same strength responded that it is not their problem. Most of the respondents believe that AIDS is a preventable disease. Majority of the respondents are of the opinion that Government is not solely responsible to control AIDS, all the stake holders must participate in the control of AIDS. It is inspirational to know that majority has knowledge relating to HIV/AIDS. The study emphasizes the need to educate the teaching community about the prevention methods and to endow them with the crucial information and skills to facilitate them to inculcate knowledge to the younger generation at a younger age group as this can challenge the moral and ethical issue relating with the sexual spread of AIDS. However, taboos of public discussions of sexual illness remain a key limitation towards preventive activities

Current maternal knowledge about diarrheal causes in children and role of oral rehydration salt

To evaluate the community knowledge about diarrheal causes in children and use of ORS as initial management tool. A descriptive cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the outpatient department of Railway hospital from July 15 to September 15,2011. Total 150 mothers were included in the study with inclusion criteria of having at least one child of less than five years of age. A pretested study questionnaire was admitted to the respondents duly filled by the researcher along with the in-depth interview The result obtained through the study were then categorized into the causes related to digestive system, food contamination and use of hot and cold. Results were analyzed on SPSS 13.0. Out of 150 mothers included in the study, 30% believed contaminated food and water cause diarrhea where as 18% viewed infections such as bacterial or viral to be the cause. A large percentage i.e. 22% could not associate any cause to the occurrence of diarrhoea.69% continued the breast feeding and normal feeding during the disease but 31% discontinued the treatment and replaced it with rice water, yogurt juices and mineral water available in local markets. This study demonstrated that majority of mothers believed childhood diarrhea is caused by contamination of food and water with the bacterial and viral illness

Perforated peptic ulcer a review of 36 cases

To evaluate the epidemiology of peptic ulcer perforation in Armed Forces and further management / outcome of the patients. Data of 36 patients with perforated peptic ulcer collected. This data was analyzed on SPSS 13. CMH Rawalpindi from Jan 1979 to July 1981, Jan 1985 to Dec 1987 and Jan 2001 to Dec 2003. Out of 36 patients 35 were male and only one was female. Twenty four [67%] were between 31-50 years. No past history was taken from eight [22%] patients. Thirty four [94%] patients presented with duodenal perforation. Twenty patients [55%] had rigidity all over abdomen and peristalsis were present in ten [28%] patients who reported within twelve hours. Seventy eight [78%] were diagnosed by history and simple radiological examination. All the patients were treated by laparotomy [simple closure with omental patch]. Post operative complications occur in ten [28%] patients and mortality rate was 8%. Predominantly the peptic ulcer perforation occurs between 30-50 years of age. The incidence reduces with succeeding years of study. Post operative complications were less in younger age group .Early diagnosis can be made easily by taking good history and performing simple radiological examination

Assessment of stress related hypertension [white coat hypertension] in a primary health care setting: a growing concern for community health physicians

The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of white coat hypertension and explore the relation ship between hypertension and unnecessary medication for its treatment. Cross-sectional study design. Family hospital E-11 Golra situated in rural area of Islamabad Capital territory, a primary health care setting with indoor and outdoor facilities. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 patients of mild to moderate hypertension coming to medical clinic Family hospital Golra situated in rural area of Islamabad from Jan 2008 to Dec 2008, having elevated blood pressure in the clinic on at least three different occasions. AMBM was purchased and monitoring was done through a trained cardiac paramedic. Results of the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were recorded, assessed on SPSS The prevalence of white coat hypertension and other findings were analyzed. 96 patients [51 males and 45 females] were included in this study and the clinical evaluation of all the cases was done to rule out secondary hypertension. Urine complete examination and serum levels of urea, creatinine, glucose and fasting lipids profile were done in all the cases undergoing study. Patients were also screened with non-invasive techniques like X-ray chest, abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography in tertiary care hospital. These laboratory findings were later on compared and assessed on the basis of history and physical examination. The study revealed 29% prevalence of white coat hypertension in previously diagnosed cases of mild to moderate hypertension in our community as compared to the international figures of 20-30% in western society